Diagnostic value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of biliary and pancreatic disorders

Recent advances in fibreoptic instrumentation facilitate the direct observation of the duodenum and ampulla of Vater. Cannulation of ampulla of Vater with injection of dye provide cholangiopancreatogram in essentially all cases. An analysis of this procedure in 100 consecutive patients with biliary and pancreatic symptoms and signs reveal that it is safe and effective technique that may add significant new information in the evaluation of these patients